Instead, social housing grew to signify concrete tower blocks with small interiors and no amenities, a fact that served only to diminish Le Corbusier’s reputation in some circles. But one thing cannot be denied: the strength and scope of Le Corbusier’s vision remains unmatched, with few architects coming close to his unification of design, lifestyle and social function.
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The cost of a concrete block mixer is between Php30,000-P40,000, and a mold container would be approximately Php5,000 per piece. Normally a block maker can start a small-time business with 6 molds which is equivalent to Php30,000 therefore a backyard business can start at a Php60,000 investment excluding working capital.
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Lam CS, Poon CS, Chan D (2007) Enhancing the performance of pre-cast concrete blocks by incorporating waste glass—ASR consideration. Cem Concr Comp 29:616–625. Article CAS Google Scholar Lee G, Poon CS, Wong YL, Ling TC (2013) Effects of recycled fine glass aggregates on the properties of dry–mixed concrete blocks.
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The environmental impact of concrete, its manufacture and applications, are complex.Some effects are harmful; others welcome. Many depend on circumstances. A major component of concrete is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete.
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Think towering apartment blocks, prefabricated concrete panels, and loads of gray. Such structures dominate the peripheries of cities across what was once the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc.
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Is concrete bad for the environment? As a result, global demand for concrete is only going to rise, therefore we really need to come up with a way to lessen the impact of the concrete industry on the environment, potentially using one of the methods detailed above.
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Reinforced concrete is everywhere. But unlike plain concrete, which can last for centuries, reinforced concrete can deteriorate in decades as the reinforcing bars succumb to rust.
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Concrete raw materials extraction and processing
compare to that of concrete blocks (143 kg CO2/tonne), common fired clay bricks (200 kg CO2/tonne) and aerated concrete blocks (280 – 375 kg CO2/tonne) during production [1]. In average, cement stabilised earth bricks consumed less than 10% of the input energy as used to manufacture similar fired clay and concrete masonry unit [2].
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The environmental impact of concrete, its manufacture and applications, are complex.Some effects are harmful; others welcome. Many depend on circumstances. A major component of concrete is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete.
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Social media are increasingly being used as an information source, including information related to risks and crises. The current study examines how pieces of information available in social media impact perceptions of source credibility.
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concrete is known to be highly resistant to degradation, there is insufficient data to provide meaningful comparisons to standard home construction. Some benefits of ICF construction help to minimize the monthly cost of home ownership by reducing insurance premiums and energy/utility bills. On the basis of monthly costs to own the
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Revetments are always made as sloping structures and are very often constructed as permeable structures using natural stones or concrete blocks, thereby enhancing wave energy absorption and minimising reflection and wave run-up. However, revetments can also consist of different kinds of concrete slabs, some of them permeable and interlocking.
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5.3 Concrete 12 6ey opportunities for the sector K 13 6.1rick B 13 6.2 Stone 13 6.3 Concrete 13 7here more data are required W 14 8 Conclusions 14 9 References 15 Contents FB58 Env. impact BSC prelims.indd 3 02/07/2013 10:29:20
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Huge amounts of concrete can be destroyed in various hydraulic structures, involving dams, stilling basins, and spillways, due to the long-term impact of water-borne solids.
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systems had devastating effects. In all parts of the world there were voices calling for stronger systems of social protection and income security. Impact of globalization on culture and identity 68. Another common concern was the impact of globalization on culture and identity. Some saw it as “threatening traditional institutions such as the
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With these building blocks, the essential conflict mechanisms and concrete fields of conflict can be described, as well as strategic courses of action against the objectives of sustainable tourism development. The model is displayed in Figure 2. The model shows the interaction between local residents and tourists, its conditions and consequences.
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Is concrete bad for the environment? As a result, global demand for concrete is only going to rise, therefore we really need to come up with a way to lessen the impact of the concrete industry on the environment, potentially using one of the methods detailed above.
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Think towering apartment blocks, prefabricated concrete panels, and loads of gray. Such structures dominate the peripheries of cities across what was once the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc.
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These alternate building materials can be used when it meets the respective specifications in the code of practice. Here some new materials and technology is discussed as well and a list many alternate materials for foundation, roof and walls are presented with details of each.
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Concrete: the most destructive material on Earth. Limestone quarries and cement factories are often sources of air pollution. Photograph: Zoonar /Alamy. After water, concrete is the most
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While this concrete is still in its trial stages, it is expected to have a significant impact on the construction industry, once it is out in the market. The need for environmentally friendly concrete is growing by the day – this is important, as it not only protects the earth and our health, but it can also yield a stronger and more durable alternative to traditional concrete.
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As more of us flock to urban living, city designers are re-thinking buildings’ influence on our moods in an era of “neuro-architecture”.
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As more of us flock to urban living, city designers are re-thinking buildings’ influence on our moods in an era of “neuro-architecture”.
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End of life recycling. The construction industry in the UK accounts for the use of 295 million tonnes of material per year, displaces 22 million tonnes of industrial ''by-product'' by industrial ecology each year and produces approximately 150 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste annually.
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Concrete, that ubiquitous gray building material, is one of the world''s most consistent sources of CO2 emissions. We''ve got 11 alternatives to consider.
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Local sourcing is the cornerstone of concrete block sustainability. Most of the UK demand for concrete blocks can be met locally, so there is no need to import materials from thousands of miles away – avoiding the potential environmental impact from logistics.
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Concrete raw materials extraction and processing
compare to that of concrete blocks (143 kg CO2/tonne), common fired clay bricks (200 kg CO2/tonne) and aerated concrete blocks (280 – 375 kg CO2/tonne) during production [1]. In average, cement stabilised earth bricks consumed less than 10% of the input energy as used to manufacture similar fired clay and concrete masonry unit [2].
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Concrete: the most destructive material on Earth. Limestone quarries and cement factories are often sources of air pollution. Photograph: Zoonar /Alamy. After water, concrete is the most
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Social life is composed of many levels of building blocks, from the very micro to the very macro. These building blocks combine to form the social structure.As Chapter 1 “Sociology and the Sociological Perspective” explained, social structure refers to the social patterns through which a society is organized and can be horizontal or vertical.
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Long life- Concrete structures are long-lived, such as pavements that have an average service life of 30-50 years.; Low life-cycle cost
High density concrete reduces the size and quantity of surface voids thus resisting accumulation of dirt and dust. Precast concrete components are more durable to acid attack, friction, corrosion, impact, abrasion, and other environment effects. Precast concrete structures have longer service years and require minimal repairs and maintenance.
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